Wheel dressing device



Nov. 27, 1956 A. FUMIA 2,771,871

WHEEL DRESSING DEVICE Filed Nov 18, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. -ARTHUR FUMIA QM/QM ATTORNEY Nov. 27, 1956 A. FUMIA WHEEL. DRESSING DEVICE Filed Nov 18, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 \l X 01H $3 0 I 3s '8 4s 49 35' 37' 33' 38' 4 INVENTOR.

ARTHUR FUMIA Maw). 72%

HTTORNE Y Nov. 27, 1956 A. FUMIA 2,771,871

WHEEL DRESSING DEVICE I Filed Nov 18, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. 6 ARTHUR FUMIA QWIMW ATTORNEY United States Patent WHEEL DRESSING DEVICE Arthur Fumia, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to lhe Gleason Works, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application November 18, 1953, Serial No. 392,882

16 Claims. (Cl. 125-11) The present invention relates to a device for dressing wheels, such as the abrasive wheels employed for grinding gears.

The device in its preferred form has two dressing elements mounted for swinging motion about a common axis across the opposite side faces of the wheel, which faces during a gear grinding operation form the opposite working sides of the gear teeth. The carriers of the dressing elements are moved axially in time with their angular motion in order that the side faces of the wheel will be dressed to the desired pressure angle, and to effect this axial motion each carrier has a cam follower engaging a plane-surfaced stationary cam. Spring means are arranged to act in an axial direction between the carriers to hold their followers against the cams. Each cam is adjustable independently of the other about an adjustment axis perpendicular to the axis of angular motion and lying in a plane which at least approximately bisects the arc of angular motion, this adjustment determining the pressure angle to which the side face of the wheel is dressed. Each cam is also adjustable independently of the other about an axis that is perpendicular to both the axis of angular motion and the pressure angle adjustment axis, and that is offset from the axis of angular motion by a distance equal to the radial distance of the follower from said axis of angular motion. By this adjustment the profile shape dressed on the wheel may be made straight, or it may be curved a desired amount either convexly or concavely.

For effecting the angular motion a fluid-pressure-operated actuating piston is provided for the carrier of each dressing element, each piston having a rack meshing with gear teeth on the carrier. The two pistons with their respective dressing elements are connected to move in opposite directions, the connecting means conveniently comprising a pinion rotatable on the support and meshing with a rack on each piston.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the dresser in operative relationship to an abrasive wheel to be dressed;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the wheel and dresser, with parts of the wheel broken away to show the dresser arms;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view,taken along section line 33 of Fig. 1, showing the relation ship of the dressing elements to the wheel;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the dresser, with parts thereof broken away and appearing in horizontal section;

Fig. 5 is a view mostly in vertical section, in the plane indicated by section line 5-5 of Fig. 2, but with certain parts appearing in front elevation;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section approximately in the planes designated by the section line 66 of Fig. 5; and,

Fig. 7 is a diagram of a hydraulic circuit for operating the dresser.

Patented Nov. 27, 1956 The dresser comprises a housing 10 adapted to be mounted, adjustably if desired, upon a gear grinding machine or other machine adjacent the abrasive wheel 11 thereof that is to be dressed. Journaled for rotation and axial motion in the housing are telescoping shafts 12 and 13 respectively supporting diamond tipped dressing elements 14 and 15. Shaft 12 is solid and secured thereon is an arm 16 in which the element 14 is mounted, while shaft 13 is tubular and carries a two-part arm 17, 18 mounting the element 15. As shown in Fig. 1 the parts 17 and 18 are relatively adjustable in the direction of the axis 21 of shafts 12 and 13 upon the loosening of a clamp nut 19. The effect of this adjustment is to vary the mean axial spacing of elements 14 and 15.

In the illustrated embodiment the wheel 11 is cup shaped and its axis of rotation, 22, is perpendicular to and vertically offset from the axis 21, the amount of the offset in this instance being equal to the radial distance of the points of the dressing elements from axis 21. The arrangement is such that as the shafts 12 and 13 rock about and move along axis 21 the elements 14 and 15 are respectively swung across the working outside and inside surfaces 23 and 24 of the wheel. The tip surface 25 may be dressed by other means, not shown.

Secured to shaft 12 within the housing is an arm 26 having secured to its outer end a cam follower, in the form of a hardened steel ball 27, engaged with plane surface 28 of a cam 29. The function of this cam is to effect axial motion of the unit comprising the dressing element carrier, i. e. the arm 26, shaft 12 and the arm 16, and the dressing element 14 itself, in time with the angular motion of the unit about axis 21. The cam is adjustable about a horizontal axis 30 that is perpendicular to axis 21 and offset vertically from the latter by a distance equal toithe radial distance of the center of ball 27 from axis 21. To enable this adjustment the cam has cylindrical journals 31 rotatable in a bracket 32 and on the cam is secured an adjusting arm 33 having an ancuate slot 34. Through this slot extends a clamp screw 35 which is threaded into a plate 36 that is secured by screws to the bracket 32 to hold the cam in assembly with the bracket. Upon the loosening of clamp screw 35 the cam 29 may be adjusted about its horizontal axis by manual movement of arm 33 to bring the plane face 28 to the desired angle relative to axis 21 in a vertical plane. The desired angle is obtained by spacing a pin 37 on plate 36 and a pin 38 on arm 33 at a distance that has been determined trigonometrically.

Similarly the shaft 13 is secured on an arm 26' having a .cam follower 27' engaging plane face 28' of a cam 29, the latter having journals 31' received in a bracket 32 to enable it to be adjusted about a horizontal axis 30. The adjustment is effected by first loosening a screw 35' which normally clamps arm 33' of the cam to plate 36', then turning the arm to the desired angle by spacing the pins 37' and 38' to a trigonometrically determined distance, and then retightening the screw 35.

The arms 26 and 26' are urged apart along axis 21 by spring backed plungers 39 and 39', so that the followers 27 and 27' will follow the cam faces 28 and 28' throughout angular motion of the arms about the axis. As shown in Fig. 5 the plunger 39 is disposed in a bore in arm 26 and has a rounded nose bearing on a plane surface 41 on arm 26' while plunger 39 is disposed in a bore in arm 26' and bears on a plane surface 41' of arm 26. These plane surfaces 41 and 41' are perpendicular to axis 21 and of suflicient extent to contact the plungers throughout the angular travel of the arms. I

As seen in Figs. 4 and 6, a plate 42 is securedby screws 43 to the bracket 32 to hold the latter in assembly with housing 10. The plate and the bracket have journal portions 44 rotatable in a bore in the housing to enable adjustment of the bracket about vertical axis 45. This axis angle to axis 21, then as the follower 27 moves along is perpendicular to and intersects axis 21. The adjustpath 68 it'will also have a motion along axis 21, and the ment is elfected by first loosening the clamp screws 46 shaft 12 and element 14 will move as a unit with it. The which extend through arcuate=slots47 in-.the.plate' and greater such axial motion the larger will be the pressure --then turning the plate and bracket-tobringathe axis 3.0 to angle A to which the surface 23 is dressed. It will thus the desired angle to axis'21. ,Theangle mayheset by be seen that the pressure angles A and B of the opposite pspacing asteelball-AS on the-plate:atrigonometricallysides 23 and 24 of the wheel can be made of any de- :determined distance-from a gagingrsurfaceAQ on. the sired practical value by-the aforementioned adjustment housing. of brackets 32 andi-321' about theirs-respective axes 45 w Forzrockinga the shaftsll and-13 arpair ofpistons51 l0 d 45' wand 52'are provided in cylinders inathe lowerpart of the Referring further to 'Fig. 6, it-will beseen that ifthe I. rhousing.v Each piston. has-rack teeth. 53 meshing with can'i29'is so adjusted about axis'30'thataxis 45'isp'aral1el gear.teeth 541 on the cam follower -arrnsa26nand 26. tothexplane. of surface 28; then the vertical component .Each-piston alsot-has another set of racle teeth 55;-meshing of motion of follower 27, as it moves along arcuate path with a pinion 56;that is rotatable on atstud' 57-secured 68, i of no consequence a con ern axial motion of the m-lhelhmlsing- Withuthis a g n e Shafts 12 311d element 14. The element will dress the surface 23, Fig. 3,

13 are positively geared together for rockingmotion in to substantially straight profile shape. However if surface tryOPPOSltG directions. 28 is inclined relative to axis 45 then as the follower The-dresser may be controlled in various ways, either mgves alpng arc 681 d i t,69 t id i t 71 ternanua y automatically in coflllmcticm iwithwthe'opel" theelernent-l4 will betgiventa component ofraxialmotion. :"ating cycle'ofthe-grinding machineof which it is a part. A th follower moves from mid-point 71 to endpoint -a-Aa'manuallycontrolled hydraulic system shownv in Fig. 7 72- ana ppositecomponent of axial-motion twillsbe imiiilincludes p 58 containing hydraulic; flu d, a P p -.parted to the .diamond.iiThesecomponents of motion'are -:;,59, a reversing valve 61', supply line 62'and return line 63 dd d t bt t d from .the axialt mgfion which z'rpextending to the valve respectively from thepumpand ,m resultstfrom the inclination oftsurface 28about vertical sumptlalldilines 64 wand 65 fixtelldingerbetweefi'lhe 45.; Therefore depending .uponthe directionofzthe Valve and the respective ends of thetcylillders contaifl' .x adjustment of thecarn about axisr30, the profilei23rmay {A ing:-;pistons 51:and.52.1 In; line 65 is athrottlevalve 66 be made of convex form, as indicated at 23', ortof-conand a bypass which contains a check valvei67. caveiform as indicated at 23". Similarly by varying the With the Valve in the Position Shown, y 'p directionoftinclination of cm 29 about axis-3,0'yeither rusure is. pp by P p 59 through walveifil a convex. profile 24' or a concave profile 24'-',ma t-be ;.t and'line 64 againstthe left end of piston:51 and the dre ed-bathe wheel. The amount of concavity or cons sright end. of piston i. 52, holding the dressinggelernents vexity will of course depend upon'the degree of inclination -i -L l-and 15 in the idle positions thereof shown in broken ofthecams.aboutaxes30 and 30'. Access totheinterior v :lines at 14? and115' in Fig. 3. i To dress the .wheel the Qf;1hC hOl1SiI1g;fOf'th purpose ofmaking the, adjustments dresser is first conditioned for the dressing stroke 'by .1; ofacams29 -and-29"-about axes:.30;and 30, canwbeaihad shifting the valve 61 to connect lines.62 and 65',= and by-rernovingthe coverplate-73. a so O- Co n t lines 64 and Fluid' fr0m1tht1 P p Itnwillr be noted thatvrega'rdless of the.=;angle-of;fad-

' 1135563 through lines? and 65 into the Cylinder Chamrjustment, of cam-29Uabout axis.30,ithe'arci68idescribed :bers tovmove piston 51 to the left and piston-52 to the hbyrthevcenterof ball 27 will :be tangent-to: axis 30* at iiright, thereby swinging the dressing elements to :their ;midi t -;71 'lhedh-e tirm of are 68- at ointfil thus positions shown in full lines in Fig. 3. Fluid displace'd by Y jdependsrsolely upon the angle to :whichthe :carn 181 adthe Pistons is returned to'the P- gh--lines =64 Y justed about axis 45. iHence thetrpressurenangles' to and In s action I116 Chfick vfllv'ei6-7 Opens 5591b? eqwhich the surfaces 2321116124 are dressed are not. affected the piston motion is not impeded by throttle valve 66. r rbystadjustment 0f cams?29;;a'nd'29f::abouttheiruaxes 30 Next the Wheel 11 is advanced axially aslight amount, 1",: and-$30K; 'However: the profile curvatures to'whiclr'the y y Suitable means wn), fPI dE surface 23 and 24 are dressed are affectedtoiaislight fordressing. Then the valve 61 is-shifted againtothe ficxtent bygchanges in;prgssufe anglef eflected:by adjusflposition shown.- Fluid under pressure flowing through zment oiirthe camsz about their :vertical; axes 4S: ands-'. lines 62 and 64-shiftspiston51 to theright-andpiswn i-Theapproximate'amountof the-changes iSShDWII'bYtthc l- 52 to the left, thereby moving the elements-Hand 1S {,KfQHQWiflgI from their full line positions to their dotted line positions 14' and 15' anddressing surfaces 23-and '24-o1r-the 'rLBt wheel. 'The rate of this action is determined 'bythe t .vadjustmem f throttle valve- 5 which. governs. m a a =rad1us of cam follower arm 26 to;center of ball 27 surfaces 23 and 24, that is the angles' which' these surv=angu1ar ii faces make with line 22', are designated A-and Brespectively. As the arm 26 and shaft 12 swing, in a-direction v aD counterclockwise in Fig. 3, to carry the'element 14'be- "stall #a tween its full-and dottedline positions shown ir'il- Fig. 3, l

'-the-center of spherical cam follower 27ymoves in an -arcuate path 68, which as shown in Fig; 6 is tangent to t-a j-" 005 u axis so. If surface 28 is 'adjustediaboutaxis 4s (and c also about 30) into perpendicularity with axis'21'; then the center of follower 27' will" remain injaplan'eperpenv Q At leastasapplied to ear indin machines the dresser dicular to axis 21 throughout its motrori-alon'gpath68. 7 g gr g housing 10 is preferably mounted for-"adjustment both Noax l motion-will be imparted hat n radially andlongitudinally ofwheel .axis22. ;.'I'he-'1"adial ,1 flfidtthe P angle til'whlch"the" sllrface adjustment,.enables'lwheelsof"different diameters t'o be 23 is' dressed will-bezero. However if the. carn=surface -'--dress'ed;"while" the axial adjustment ehables1 the;:curyed 28 is inclined aboutaxis 4S= so that -itz is"at-an'*acute profiles, such as 23', 24', 23" and 24", to be'plac'ed in any desired position along the wheel axis and relative to the tip surface 25 of the wheel.

It will be understood that the dresser described and illustrated herein represents only the preferred embodiment of the inventive principles involved, and that these principles may be incorporated in various physical forms and arrangements of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a dressing element carrier mounted on the support for angular motion and also for motion in the direction of the axis of such angular motion, a cam on the support and a follower for the cam on the carrier for eflecting the motion in the direction of the axis in time with the angular motion, and means whereby the cam may be adjusted universally on the support about an intermediate point along the arc of angular motion of the follower.

2. A wheel dressing device according to claim 1 in which the surface of the cam engaged by the follower is a plane surface.

3. A wheel dressing device according to claim 1 in which the means whereby the cam may be adjusted universally comprises means whereby the cam may be adjusted on the support about a first adjustment axis that is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of angular motion of the carrier, and means whereby the cam may also be adjusted on the support about a second adjustment axis that is perpendicular to and offset from said axis of angular motion and is perpendicular to and intersects the first adjustment axis.

4. A wheel dressing device according to claim 1 in which there are means for swinging the carrier about its axis of angular motion and yieldable means for urging motion of the carrier in the direction of said axis to maintain the follower against the cam.

5. A wheel dressing device according to claim 1 in which the follower has a spherical surface engaging the cam and said arc of angular motion is the arc traversed by the sphere center of said surface.

6. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a dressing element carrier mounted on the support for angular motion and also for motion in the direction of the axis of such angular motion, a cam on the support having a plane surface and a follower on the support engageable with said surface for effecting the motion in the direction of the axis in time with the angular motion, means whereby the cam may be adjusted on the support about a first adjustment axis that is perpendicular to the axis of angular motion and the cam also about a second adjustment axis that is perpendicular to both of the aforementioned axes and is tangent to the arc of angular motion of the cam follower.

7. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a pair of dressing element carriers mounted on the support for independent motion angularly about a common axis and also along the axis, a cam for each carrier on the support and a follower for each cam on the related carrier, each cam having a plane surface engaged by its follower, and means whereby each cam may be adjusted universally on the support about an intermediate point along the arc of angular motion of its follower.

8. A wheel dressing device according to claim 7 further comprising means to swing the carriers about said common axis and yieldable means acting between said carriers for urging them along said axis to maintain the followers against the cams.

9. A wheel dressing device according to claim 8 in which the means to swing the carriers comprises a means to move them alternately in opposite directions.

10. A wheel dressing device according to claim 7 in which there is a fluid pressure operated actuating piston for each carrier movable in a cylinder in the support,

each piston having a raclc meshing with gear teeth on 6 the related carrieig-and there is a means connecting the pistons for opposed motion.

11. A wheel dressing device according to claim 10 in which the means connecting the pistons for opposed motion comprises a pinion rotatable on the support and meshing with a rack on each piston; i

12. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a pair of dressing element carriers mounted on the support for independent motion angularly about a common axis and also along the axis, a fluid pressure operated actuating piston for each carrier movable in a cylinder in the support, each piston having a rack meshing with gear teeth on the related carrier, a pinion rotatable on the support and meshing with a rack on each piston for connecting the pistons for opposed motion, a cam for controlling the axial motion of each carrier, each cam having a plane surface engaged by a cam follower on the related carrier, means whereby each cam may be adjusted about a first adjustment axis which is perpendicular to and intersects said common axis, means whereby each cam may be adjusted about a second adjustment axis which is perpendicular to said common axis and offset therefrom by a distance equal to the radial distance of the cam follower from said common axis, the second adjustment axis being perpendicular to and intersecting the first adjustment axis, and spring means acting between said elements for urging relative axial motion of them to maintain the followers against the cams.

13. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a dressing element carrier mounted on the support for motion angularly about a common axis and also along the axis, a cam for the carrier on the support having a plane surface engaged by a cam follower on the carrier, yieldable means for urging axial motion of the carrier to maintain its follower against the related cam, and means to adjust the cam about an adjustment axis that is perpendicular to said common axis and that lies in a plane containing said common axis which approximately bisects the arc of angular motion of the carrier whereby the motion of the carrier will have a component along said common axis that is unidirectional during the angular motion in each direction.

14. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a dressing element carrier mounted on the support for motion angularly about a common axis and also along the axis, a cam for the carrier on the support having a plane surface engaged by a cam follower on the carrier, yieldable means for urging axial motion of the carrier to maintain its follower against the related cam, and means to adjust the cam about an axis which is perpendicular to said common axis and offset therefrom by a distance equal to the radial distance of the cam follower from said common axis whereby during the angular motion of the carrier in each direction it may have a component of motion along the common axis which reverses at a mid-point the angular motion.

15. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a pair of carriers mounted on the support for angular and axial motion about and along a common axis, a wheeldressing element mounted on each carrier, means connecting said carriers for angular motion in unison with each other, and means for moving them axially independently of each other in time with their angular motion.

16. A wheel dressing device comprising a support, a pair of telescoping shafts mounted on the support for angular and axial motion, a carrier arm on each shaft and a wheel dressing element on each arm, means for effecting angular motion of the two shafts in unison with each other, and means for moving the shafts axially independently of each other and in time with their angular motion.

(References on following page) iimReferencemCited imtlie fileof .thisxpatent UNITED STATES "PATENTS AShapley. .Mar. 5,1918 JSnarry Aug. 14, 1934 5 Wildhaber ..-.Aug. 7, 1945 @Rauch ;Apr. 2,-l1946 I; 3 211-1111 .Tann28, 1947 Wildhaber Feb. 26,1952

1 FOREIGN PATENTS France July 3, 1926 France Aug. 26, 1934 

